Clinical and Medical Engineering Live
ISSN: 2997-612X | DOI: 10.64030/2997-612X
Obianuju Polyxena Obiekweihe, Iheanacho Grace Iberi, Caleb J Attah, Iretiola B Babaniyi and Sussan N Mebrim
Background: Vaccine-preventable diseases remain a major cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality among under-five children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to immunization coverage is crucial for reducing these preventable deaths. This study employed the “5A” taxonomy framework, complemented by focus group discussions (FGD), and key informant interviews (KII) to identify key barriers and facilitators of immunization uptake in order to propose well-targeted interventions.
Objectives: To examine the barriers and facilitators to immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Northern Nigeria using the 5A taxonomy. To explore caregivers’ perspectives and experiences regarding childhood immunization and access challenges.
Methods: This mixed-method, community-based study recruited 675 participants through a multistage cluster sampling technique across five wards in Keffi Local Government Area, Northern Nigeria. Quantitative data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire based on the 5A taxonomy and analyzed with SPSS version 25.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were obtained from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) and analyzed thematically to capture key insights from participants.
Results: Result of the 675 respondents, 327 (48.4%) were males and 348 (51.6%) were females. The independent predictor of Penta3 uptake was activation [OR 3.14; 95% CI: 1.14–8.67], while both activation [OR 8.72; 95% CI: 5.35–14.20] and affordability [OR 3.13; 95% CI: 1.57–6.25] independently predicted full immunization coverage.
Conclusion: Caregiver reminders, incentives (i.e. activation), and cost reduction (affordability) significantly improve immunization coverage in semi-urban communities of Northern Nigeria. Strengthening policies that address the activation and affordability dimensions of the 5A taxonomy could further enhance vaccine uptake and coverage in similar settings.