Architectural Engineering Technology: Open Access Journal
ISSN: 3143-3278 | DOI: 10.64030/3143-3278
Rabiu Ahmad Abubakar, Mustapha Sule and Ozor Marcellinus Chijiume
High-temperature materials are vital in engineering and scientific applications where components face extreme thermal, mechanical, and chemical environments. These include aerospace, power generation, automotive engines, and nuclear reactors, where operating temperatures often exceed 1000°C. Under such conditions, materials must retain mechanical strength, resist oxidation and corrosion, and maintain thermal stability. Failure can lead to catastrophic damage, reduced system efficiency, and increased maintenance costs. This review summarizes the main classes of high-temperature materials: ceramics, superalloys, composites, and refractory metals. Ceramics offer excellent thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity, making them ideal for insulation and structural applications. Superalloys, typically based on nickel or cobalt, demonstrate superior creep resistance and toughness at elevated temperatures. Refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum have extremely high melting points and are essential in ultra-high-temperature environments. High-temperature composites, including ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), combine the strengths of different materials to improve performance. The review also covers advanced manufacturing methods like additive manufacturing, directional solidification, and chemical vapor deposition. These techniques are used to optimize material microstructures and enhance thermal performance. Recent innovations include alloy design strategies, nano-structuring, and surface coating technologies that extend component life and improve efficiency under high-stress conditions. Despite advancements, challenges remain, including high raw material costs, limited recyclability, and environmental sustainability concerns. Addressing these issues requires a shift toward materials with multifunctional properties, easier processing, and lower ecological impact. Future research is focused on developing next-generation materials that can meet the demanding requirements of modern high-temperature engineering while aligning with global sustainability goals.