Advances Brain Research and Neuroscience
ISSN: 3071-2750 | DOI: 10.64030/3071-2750
Baolidao, Suruna, Yujiuwang, Guojiarong, Liushi and Tan Hao
Burn injuries represent a significant global health burden, with limited effective topical treatments that simultaneously address inflammation, infection, and tissue regeneration. Mongolian horse oil, a traditional remedy with centuries of empirical use in burn wound management across Central Asian nomadic cultures, remains scientifically under characterized. Here, we present an integrated multi-omics investigation of Mongolian horse oil therapeutic efficacy in a standardized rat second-degree burn model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that Mongolian horse oil comprises 65-70% unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid (35.2%), palmitoleic acid (8.7%), and linoleic acid (18.4%) as dominant species, exhibiting remarkable compositional homology to human sebum. In a randomized controlled trial using 240 Sprague-Dawley rats, topical application of 10% horse oil accelerated wound closure by 42% compared with vehicle control, achieving complete epithelialization at day 14 versus day 21. Biochemical analyses demonstrated significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, concomitant with upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-10, TGF-beta1, and VEGF.
Histopathological evaluation confirmed enhanced re-epithelialization, organized collagen deposition, and increased angiogenesis. Transcriptomic profiling identified 1,847 differentially expressed genes, with significant enrichment in pathways governing extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune resolution. Metabolomic analysis further revealed horse oil-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including resolvin-like and protectin-like compounds. Machine learning integration of multi-omics datasets achieved 91% predictive accuracy for wound healing outcomes. These findings establish the molecular basis for Mongolian horse oil efficacy in burn wound healing and position it as a promising natural therapeutic agent rooted in traditional medicine yet validated by modern systems biology.