Journal of Biomedical and Engineering Research
ISSN: 3065-8780 | DOI: 10.64030/3065-8780
Ibrahim Sraheen, Ahmad Abu Arrah and Sami Smerat
Computed Tomography (CT) scanners are widely used in symptomatic and therapeutic areas due to their quick scanning times, excellent spatial resolution, and broad availability. The X-ray detector is essential for capturing images and significantly affects radiation dose and image quality. All modern commercial scanners use solid-state detectors and are similar to third-generation technology. Detector features include efficiency, stability, response time, and brightness. CT scanners have been in use since 1971, and over the decades, the technology has advanced greatly. Notable improvements in detector technology have enhanced image quality and reduced radiation exposure. The EMI head scanner was initially equipped with Sodium Iodide (NaI) detectors, which required long scanning times and water cooling to manage detector immersion. These designs were improved in later generations, offering faster processing speeds and better image quality. While the fourth-generation scanners used a stationary ring of detectors to significantly reduce scan times, the thirdgeneration models featured fan beams and rotary movement. The sixth generation, known as dual-source CT, allows for dual-energy imaging using Two X-ray tubes. The fifth generation, known as electron-beam CT, produced X-rays with an electron gun. The seventh generation replaced traditional X-ray film with Flat-panel Detectors (FPD), improving imaging capabilities. Advances in CT detectors include gemstone, stellar, photon-counting, and Nano Panel crystal detectors. The gemstone scintillator is manufactured by General Electric Healthcare (GEHC). The photon-counting detector (PCD) is a new CT detector technology that uses photon-counting X-ray detectors to record photon energies. The stellar detector is developed by Siemens Health